Lifelike pelvis with genitals, female, 4 parts

Anatomically, it must be emphasized that this model shows many different structures. Most often only selected structures are seen on a pelvic model, but this complete pelvic model includes:



1) The pelvis (pelvic ring) incl. ligaments

2) Pelvic floor (pelvic floor) and other muscles (skeletal muscles)

3) The internal genitalia

4) The external genitalia

5) Relationships to other tissues/organs such as the ureters, bladder and rectum

6) The lower part of the spinal cord and sacral plexus

7) Blood vessels



1) The pelvis (pelvic ring) consists of the 3 building blocks, which are the two hip bones and the sacrum. The model also shows the lower lumbar vertebra. In the bone tissue, only the largest details are visible, such as large nodules. Smaller details such as the linea glutaea are omitted. Overall, the model shows the following bones:



Os coxae (the 2 hip bones) of which both are composed


- Os ilium (iliac bone/hip bone)

- Os ischii (seat bone)

- Os pubis (pubic bone)



Us sacrum (sacrum) incl. os coccygis (coccyx)
5th lumbar vertebra (lumbar vertebra)


Many ligaments are visible, and some of the above bones are partially covered by these. In addition to the pelvic ligaments such as sacrotuberale can also be seen in some of the back (e.g. lig. interspinale) and the attachment of m. erector spinae. Ligaments, ligament discs (disci) and cartilage in e.g. the hip socket are seen in blue.



2) The pelvic floor (also called the pelvic floor or diaphragma pelvis in Latin) consists of the following muscles, which are clearly visible:



- M. levator ani (consisting of m. pubococcygeus and m. iliococcygeus)

- M. coccygeus



Other muscles such as m. obturatorius internus, m. iliacus and m. psoas major are also seen.



3) The internal genitalia include the ovaries (ovaries), the fallopian tubes (tubae uterinae), the uterus (uterus) and the vagina (vagina), all of which are seen in detail. Anatomically, it is located in the small pelvis.



4) The external genitalia are shown with the largest and most important details, which are anatomically located in front of and below the symphysis.



5) Relationships to other tissues/organs primarily include the ureters, the urinary bladder (vesica urinaria) and the rectum (rectum). Since the model can be split in the middle, structures are seen in a median section. Therefore, the regions where the excavatio vesicouterina and excavatio rectouterina are formed are also seen. On the model, however, you cannot see that they are formed by the peritoneum (peritoneum).



6) Nerves comprise the lower part of the spinal cord (medulla spinalis), which in this region is called the cauda equina. This is seen in the cisterna lumbar, and one can also sense the fibrous string (filum terminale). The sacral plexus is also shown, but the further course of the nerves is not seen.



7) Blood vessels are seen with some important ramifications. In addition to the common iliac artery, the internal and external iliac arteries with some smaller branches (and the corresponding veins), for example, the median and lateral sacral arteries as well as the a. and v. ovarica (and corresponding veins) can be seen.



Many of the pelvic organs function as a channel or a reservoir (e.g. the rectum and the urinary bladder), which is why they are seen in a pedagogical way with an air-filled cavity (cavity).